The Second Circuit yesterday affirmed an April 2014 decision by Judge Pauley (covered here) rejecting claims that American Express, Citi and Discover colluded to add arbitration clauses barring class actions to their standard card agreements.  Judge Pauley had previously ruled that the defendants had acted individually, and not collusively, when adding class action waivers

In opinion today announcing findings from a bench trial, Judge Pauley rejected claims that American Express, Citi and Discover colluded to add arbitration clauses barring class actions to their standard card agreements. He found that the defendants acted individually, not collusively:
Continue Reading In Bench Trial, Judge Pauley Finds That Credit Card Issuers Did Not Collude to Adopt Class Action Waivers in Card Agreements